http://dx.doi.org/10.17176/20201008-233515-0 https://staging.verfassungsblog.de/finally-the-cjeu-defends-academic-freedom/ Finally: The CJEU Defends Academic Freedom Uitz, Renáta eng 2020-10-08 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 Academic Freedom CEU CJEU Infringement Procedure Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-SA 4.0 The CJEU’s judgment against Hungary in the CEU case is the first major judicial pronouncement by a European court on the institutional dimension of academic freedom as a fundamental human right. Infringement action has become the surprise weapon in the Commission’s rule of law toolbox. The initial surprise is a thing of the past: over the years the Hungarian government has built some defenses of its own, using familiar components of the European constitutional architecture in service of illiberal democracy.