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  <titleInfo>
    <title>The Demise of Viking and Laval</title>
    <subTitle>The Holship Ruling of the ECtHR and the Protection of Fundamental Rights in Europe</subTitle>
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    <namePart>Graver, Hans Petter</namePart>
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    <dateIssued encoding="marc">2021</dateIssued>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2021-06-16</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">In Viking and Laval, the ECJ reduced the right of trade unions to take collective action and made it subject to the requirements of the four freedoms, effectively undermining its recognition as a fundamental right according to EU law. This sent shockwaves through the trade unions of Europe. In its recent Holship ruling, the ECtHR has challenged this, with potentially wide-reaching implications for the relationship between the human rights and EU fundamental freedoms, seen from the perspective of Strasbourg.</abstract>
  <accessCondition type="use and reproduction">CC BY-SA 4.0</accessCondition>
  <note type="statement of responsibility">Graver, Hans Petter</note>
  <note type="funding">funded by the government</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>Collective Action</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Freedom of Association</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Holship</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Laval</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Viking</topic>
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  <classification authority="ddc" edition="23">342</classification>
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    <identifier type="issn">2366-7044</identifier>
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      <namePart>Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH</namePart>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.17176/20210616-193402-0</identifier>
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