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  <titleInfo>
    <title>Luxemburg as the Last Resort</title>
    <subTitle>The Kúria’s Judgment on the Illegality of a Preliminary Reference to the ECJ</subTitle>
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    <namePart>Bárd, Petra</namePart>
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    <dateIssued encoding="marc">2019</dateIssued>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2019-09-23</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">A criminal proceeding has been suspended by a Hungarian justice of the Pest Central District Court to ask the European Court of Justice preliminary questions, inter alia, about his own judicial independence. Now, Hungary’s Supreme Court has stepped in and ruled that the reference was illegal, essentially arguing that preliminary references are not the fora to discuss such claims. In fact, however, this preliminary reference reveals that all other means to effectively challenge the rule of law backsliding in Hungary have failed.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Bárd, Petra</note>
  <note type="funding">funded by the government</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>judicial independence</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>rule of law crisis</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Ungarn</topic>
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  <classification authority="ddc" edition="23">342</classification>
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    <identifier type="issn">2366-7044</identifier>
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      <namePart>Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH</namePart>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.17176/20190923-232735-0</identifier>
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