nam 22 uu 4500 10.17176/20200305-214543-0 DE-Verfassungsblog cr||||| 200305s2020||||xx#|||||o|||| ||| 0|eng|| 10.17176/20200305-214543-0 doi eng 342 23 Sanders, Anne Author aut Muzzling Associations of Judges The Duty of Judges to Declare Membership in an Association Under Poland’s so-called “Muzzle Law” Sanders, Anne Verfassungsblog 2020-03-05 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Art 88 a of Poland's so-called "muzzle law" law prescribes that judges must disclose their membership in associations, their functions performed in non-profit foundations and membership in parties before they became judges. The provision applies to memberships in all kinds of associations, including associations of judges. In this form, the provision violates the European Convention of Human Rights as well as the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. funded by the government CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 European Charter of Fundamental Rights European Convention of Human Rights judicial independence Rule of Law Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH Verfassungsblog 2366-7044 https://staging.verfassungsblog.de/muzzling-associations-of-judges/ raw object