http://dx.doi.org/10.17176/20160707-162335 https://staging.verfassungsblog.de/passing-laws-without-a-vote-the-french-labour-reform-and-art-49-3-of-the-constitution/ Passing Laws without a Vote: the French Labour Reform and Art. 49-3 of the Constitution Guenfoud, Ibtissem eng 2016-07-07 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 Debate Deliberation François Hollande legislation Manuel Valls Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 The French government has brought a hugely controversial piece of legislation through parliament without debate and without a vote. That move is seen as democratically dubious by many. But it is certainly constitutional under the stability-oriented French Constitution of 1958.