01 January 2020
Warum Kinderrechte ins Grundgesetz gehören
Ende November hat Bundesjustizministerin Christine Lambrecht (SPD) vorgeschlagen, das Grundgesetz zu ändern und darin ausdrücklich Kinderrechte zu verankern. Der Vorschlag befindet sich derzeit in der Ressortabstimmung. Auf dem Verfassungsblog hat sich Friederike Wapler kritisch mit diesem Entwurf auseinandergesetzt und am Ende empfohlen, statt einer schlechten Grundgesetzänderung lieber gar keine zu verabschieden. Ich hingegen halte eine solche Grundgesetzänderung für ebenso sinnvoll wie möglich. Continue reading >>
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31 December 2019
The Supranational Rule of Law: Thinking the Future
Writing at the end of 2019 it must be clear that art. 7 TEU is not a viable political option at all. However, the Treaties do contain legal mechanisms to enforce the rule of law against the member states. Art. 7 is not, and must not, be the center of the rule of law world in the EU. Poland’s refusal to obey the Court’s judgments and its readiness to do everything possible to circumvent it strike at the very heart of the EU rule of law. The challenge is to use what is legally available rather than keep finding excuses for not using the mechanisms already in place. Continue reading >>
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28 December 2019
An Internal Safety Net for the Council of Europe?
By January 2020, a new complementary joint procedure shall be in place to respond to serious violations by a member state of its statutory obligations. However, several open questions remain. Continue reading >>
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27 December 2019
The Supranational Rule of Law: Taking Stock
While a transnational conception of the rule of law requires the engagement of and commitment to the EU project from all actors involved, this begs the question as to what happens when the assumptions underlying art. 2 TEU are no longer applicable? For the rule of law, 2019 has been of fundamental importance because we have been taught important constitutional lessons and started getting answers to some of the most crucial constitutional questions. While much still remains shrouded in mystery and question marks are aplenty, at least the judicial trajectory for the rule of law in 2020 has been set in 2019. Continue reading >>
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25 December 2019
A Matter of Representative Democracy in the European Union
With its judgment in the Junqueras case, the Court adopted a functional approach to the election procedure of the European Parliament, proceeding from the principle of representative democracy as one of the core values in the EU legal order. In particular, the Court stressed the need to ensure that the composition of the European Parliament fully reflects the free choice of the Union’s citizens, by direct universal suffrage. Continue reading >>24 December 2019
Gesicherte Unsicherheit
Mit größter (An-)Spannung waren die am 19.12.2019 veröffentlichten Schlussanträge des Generalanwalts Henrik Saugmandsgaard Øe in der Rechtssache Schrems II erwartet worden (RS. C-311/18). Stehen doch in diesem Verfahren zwei tragende Säulen des internationalen bzw. transatlantischen Datenverkehrs zur Disposition: die Standarddatenschutzklauseln und der EU-US Privacy Shield. Eine erste Analyse der Schlussanträge legt gleichwohl nahe, dass auch zukünftig nur eines sicher ist: grenzüberschreitende Informationsübermittlungen bergen zahlreiche Unsicherheiten für die Betroffenen sowie die datenverarbeitenden Unternehmen. Continue reading >>
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23 December 2019
Mut zum Verbot
Bund und Länder haben sich auf ein Klimapaket geeinigt, und es ist ein Anreizpaket. Wenn man davon absieht, dass es in ein paar Jahren verboten sein wird, ganz bestimmte Heizungstypen neu einzubauen, soll das Ziel, CO2-Emissionen massiv zu reduzieren, soweit ersichtlich, ohne Verbote erreicht werden. Dabei sind Verbote unter Umständen nicht nur wirksamer als Anreize und andere „weiche“ Instrumente. Sie können auch gerechter sein und eine höhere Akzeptanz der Klimapolitik versprechen. Zu einem klugen Instrumentenmix würden sie daher dazugehören. Continue reading >>Worüber man nichts sagen kann, darüber soll man schweigen
Kurz vor Weihnachten hat das Landesverfassungsgericht Mecklenburg-Vorpommern eine Entscheidung gefällt, die zum Widerspruch herausfordert, ja zur demokratischen Pflicht macht. Das Urteil vom 19. Dezember 2019 zeigt in exemplarischer Weise, wie wichtig gerade in diesen Tagen die Aufgabe der Justiz ist, einer Erosion von demokratischen Grundprinzipien entgegenzutreten. Es ist schmerzhaft, wenn sie diese Aufgabe so spektakulär verfehlt, wie in diesem Falle. Continue reading >>Doch wieder eine Stichwahl in NRW!
Der Verfassungsgerichtshof des Landes NRW hat am vergangenen Freitag die Abschaffung der kommunalen Stichwahl rückgängig gemacht und damit die Erfolgsbedingungen für die Bürgermeister- und Landratswahlen im kommenden Jahr verändert. Mit demselben Urteil hat er eine Regelung über die Einteilung der Wahlbezirke überraschenderweise nur in einer „verfassungskonformen Auslegung“ aufrechterhalten – mit der Folge, dass jede Kommune ihre Einteilung nun überprüfen und nötigenfalls ändern muss. Continue reading >>22 December 2019
Discipline and Punish
The Polish rule of law saga took yet another turn for the worse. The Parliament is working on a bill to prevent judicial review of the previous judicial reforms as well as to neutralize the effects of adverse CJEU judgments. The bill is blatantly unconstitutional but without a functioning Constitutional Court it does not matter much. It is also contrary to EU law. Continue reading >>
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21 December 2019
Urgenda III: Die Niederlande als Modell richterlichen Klimaschutzes
Mit dem Klima-Urteil des Hohen Rats ist die niederländische Gerichtsbarkeit endgültig zum weltweit bestaunten und umjubelten Vorbild einer Bewegung geworden, die unter dem Schlagwort der „Climate Justice“ bemüht ist, die dritte Gewalt für die Durchsetzung einer entschiedeneren Klimaschutzpolitik zu aktivieren. Im Kern der rechtlichen Auseinandersetzung geht es um die Frage nach der Entscheidungsmacht der Gerichte in der gewaltenteiligen Demokratie. Dürfen oder müssen Richter für sich in Anspruch nehmen, zwingende Vorgaben für den Klimaschutz zu entwickeln? Continue reading >>
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Why Scotland’s Journey to Independence Needs to Include another Stop in Westminster
Much as some of its members might wish it otherwise, the Scottish Parliament is a parliament of limited legislative competence, and it is not unlikely that not having the power to legislate for an independence referendum is among those limits. Continue reading >>20 December 2019
Citizenship by Religion
India is presently witnessing a country-wide mass uprising against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, which purposefully aims to grant migrants belonging to six enlisted communities an easy path to Indian citizenship, while denying the same to others – notably Muslims. This Act is unconstitutional as it exploits deliberate omissions on citizenship rules in the constitution while it ignores the constitutional design which is fundamentally based on equality and secularism. Continue reading >>
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Avoiding the next Brexit Cliff-Edge
Boris Johnson wants to legally exclude the prolongation of the extension period of the Withdrawal Agreement. The way to prolong it nevertheless would be an amendment of the Withdrawal Agreement itself. Some argue now that any other way to change the transition period than its prolongation by the JC is legally impossible. Another reading of the legal situation is, however, supportable. Continue reading >>19 December 2019
Back to the Future?
Although the UK has appeared to move from one constitutional crisis to the next during this year, there has been a clear direction of travel: 2019 saw both the legislature and the courts strengthening their checks over the executive. The Conservative Party Manifesto may be interpreted as an attempt to reverse this direction of travel and reinstate the executive at the centre of the Constitution. Continue reading >>
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18 December 2019
Brexit and the CJEU: why the Opinion of the Court Should be Sought as a Matter of Emergency
With the comfortable majority he managed to secure in the Commons, Boris Johnson is now very likely to be able to push through the British Parliament the withdrawal agreement he negotiated with the European Union back in October. Provided that the European Parliament greenlights it quickly enough, it may well come into force by 31 January 2020, deadline of the last extension decision agreed between the EU-27 and the UK. However, one actor of the process seems to have been forgotten: the Court of Justice of the European Union. This could end up being a huge mistake. Continue reading >>Between Euphoria and a Stony Path Ahead
In the referendum held in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville more than 98% of the people voted in favour of independent statehood. This referendum has been in the making for almost 20 years but now Papua New Guinea and Bougainville face a complex post-referendum process that is fraught with many uncertainties. Continue reading >>
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17 December 2019
Democratic (Dis)Armament
On 3 September 2019, the Slovak Supreme Court ruled against an MP of the far-right political party Kotleba – People’s Party Our Slovakia. Due to the conviction, Mr Mazurek lost his seat and another candidate of the PPOS took his place. Depending on the factors considered, the case can be seen either as armament or as disarmament of democracy in Slovakia. Continue reading >>
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Shying Away from Strasbourg
Last week, the Italian Constitutional Court published its reasoning on a judgment regarding the so-called ergastolo ostativo (life sentence without parole). The challenged provision excludes persons convicted of serious crimes – primarily mafia-type – from a series of benefits (for example, permits and conditional release) in the event that they do not want to collaborate with the authorities. Italy’s Constitutional Court now held that this provision is not in line with the constitution but missed a chance to give full effect to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Continue reading >>
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