20 December 2019
Citizenship by Religion
India is presently witnessing a country-wide mass uprising against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, which purposefully aims to grant migrants belonging to six enlisted communities an easy path to Indian citizenship, while denying the same to others – notably Muslims. This Act is unconstitutional as it exploits deliberate omissions on citizenship rules in the constitution while it ignores the constitutional design which is fundamentally based on equality and secularism. Continue reading >>
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26 September 2017
Rethinking Turkish Secularism: Towards “Unofficial” Islamic Constitutionalism?
There are both domestic and foreign concerns that Turkey is a theocracy in the making or some “attenuated” version thereof. While most of these concerns are full of extravagant exaggerations, often suggesting Iran as an example Turkey is allegedly headed towards, there is a certain element of truth embedded in these concerns. Continue reading >>
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11 November 2016
Religious Installations in French City Halls: A Christmas Crib Story
Christmas, in certain circumstances, has its place in the Republic. Judges have agreed in a plenary session reviewing two different Court of Appeal cases (courtyard of Melun’s town hall and hall of the departmental council of Vendée) that a Christmas crib in a public building doesn’t a priori represent a threat to secularism. In fact, the installation is legal, says the Conseil d’Etat, provided that particular circumstances give it « a cultural, artistic or festive character ». The decision is questionable for two main reasons: its foundation is doubtful, and its outcome unsatisfactory. Continue reading >>
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06 October 2016
Can private undertakings hide behind “religious neutrality”?
Is the pursuit of religious neutrality an acceptable aim for public and private organisations alike, on the basis of which they may prohibit their employees from wearing religious signs or apparel whilst at work? In two pending cases before the CJEU, the Advocates General seem to arrive at opposite conclusions on this point. To solve this puzzle, I think it is crucial to see that there are two radically different reasons why a private-sector company may wish to adopt an identity of religious neutrality, which reflect two distinct types of interest a company may have in religious neutrality: a business interest and an interest as a member of society. Continue reading >>19 August 2015
Der Kampf der Zeugen Jehovas: Grundrechte vs. föderales Kompetenzgefüge
Föderalismus und Länderkompetenzen treffen auf Grundrechte – so könnte man die Kernproblematik, die in dem jüngsten Urteil des BVerfG zu den Zeugen Jehovas (2 BvR 1282/11) steckt, auf den Punkt bringen. Grundrechte wie die Religionsfreiheit gewähren Freiheiten, die im Grundsatz keine Ländergrenzen kennen. Sie berechtigen im gesamten Bundesgebiet. Wenn die föderale Kompetenzordnung sich einer Entfaltung von Grundrechten erheblich in den Weg stellt, sind die Länder gehalten, auf das Engste mit einander zu kooperieren, um Divergenzen soweit wie möglich zu verhindern – ein Grundsatz, den man bereits der Rechtsprechung des BVerfG in Sachen Hochschulzugangsberechtigungen entnehmen kann. Gerade auch im Falle der Verleihung des Körperschaftsstatus an eine Religionsgemeinschaft sollte er strikt beachtet werden, rückt aber im jüngsten Urteil in den Hintergrund. Zu Unrecht. Continue reading >>
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