24 April 2015
Dr. “Law-Discoverer” and Mr. “Law-Maker”: the Strange Case of Case-Law in France.
The legal status of case-law is ambiguous in most legal systems. It is in fact a constitutional matter, a matter of separation of powers. If the judges can “make” the law, doesn’t it make them the equivalent of the legislative power? The legal situation of case-law in France traditionally reflects this ambiguity. However, a recent trend in French law seems to imply that case-law is progressively accepted as a source of law. The latest example of this is a decision from the Tribunal des conflits on the 9th March 2015. Continue reading >>
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Dr. “Law-Discoverer” and Mr. “Law-Maker”: the Strange Case of Case-Law in France.
The legal status of case-law is ambiguous in most legal systems. It is in fact a constitutional matter, a matter of separation of powers. If the judges can “make” the law, doesn’t it make them the equivalent of the legislative power? The legal situation of case-law in France traditionally reflects this ambiguity. However, a recent trend in French law seems to imply that case-law is progressively accepted as a source of law. The latest example of this is a decision from the Tribunal des conflits on the 9th March 2015. Continue reading >>
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21 April 2015
Asylum Policy in the EU: Holy Saint Florian, Spare this Cottage, Burn the Other One!
In the past days, an estimated 1,000 people drowned in the Mediterranean, when two boats sank in quick succession. The urgent call for a search and rescue system adequate to the situation is completely justified. Assistance in distress at sea is an age-old international obligation, which was laid down in several international treaties, and to denounce it as support for smugglers is as cynical as it is misleading. If smugglers aren’t to profit from these needs, legal access to asylum must be opened—showing the very solidarity to overstrained countries in the region that the Refugee Convention demands in its preamble. This requires a radically different approach; the measures envisaged by the EU are but a meager beginning. Continue reading >>Flüchtlingspolitik in der EU: Heiliger Sankt Florian, verschon’ mein Haus, zünd’ and’re an!
In den vergangenen Tagen sind vermutlich über tausend Menschen im Mittelmeer ertrunken, als in kurzer Folge zwei Boote untergingen. Der dringliche Ruf nach einem der Gefahrenlage angemessenen Seenotrettungssystem ist absolut berechtigt und richtig. Die Rettung aus Seenot ist eine uralte völkerrechtliche Pflicht, und sie als Unterstützung für Schlepper anzuprangern, ist so zynisch wie irreführend. Wer nicht will, dass Schlepper profitieren, muss legale Zugangswege zu schützendem Asyl schaffen – und damit überlasteten Aufnahmestaaten in Krisenregionen diejenige Solidarität leisten, die die Präambel der Flüchtlingskonvention einfordert. Das erfordert ein grundlegendes Umdenken; die soeben verabschieden Maßnahmen der EU sind hier allenfalls ein Anfang. Continue reading >>“Italian-style” secession and the semi-indifference of national politics
On April 28th, the Italian Constitutional Court will hold a public hearing on the constitutionality of the planned independence referendum in the northern Italian region of Veneto. Unlike its Scottish and Catalan counterparts, the Veneto secession case has been largely ignored on the national political level in Italy. From a legal point of view, the unconstitutionality of an independence referendum seems hard to deny. But politically, nevertheless, treating regional separatism as a taboo could endanger the very thing it seeks to protect, the one and indivisible Republic of Italy. Continue reading >>
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“Italian-style” secession and the semi-indifference of national politics
On April 28th, the Italian Constitutional Court will hold a public hearing on the constitutionality of the planned independence referendum in the northern Italian region of Veneto. Unlike its Scottish and Catalan counterparts, the Veneto secession case has been largely ignored on the national political level in Italy. From a legal point of view, the unconstitutionality of an independence referendum seems hard to deny. But politically, nevertheless, treating regional separatism as a taboo could endanger the very thing it seeks to protect, the one and indivisible Republic of Italy. Continue reading >>
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20 April 2015
The UK’s general election: a fundamental change to UK/EU relations?
The result of the current British election campaign could be crucial for the future of the UK’s relations with the European Union. Every UK-wide election party which is likely to win seats in the election has now released its election manifesto, namely: the Conservatives;Labour; Liberal Democrats; UKIP; and the Greens. It’s therefore a good time to examine what the parties are saying about the EU, and what the various post-election scenarios would mean for the UK’s relations with the EU. Continue reading >>The UK’s general election: a fundamental change to UK/EU relations?
The result of the current British election campaign could be crucial for the future of the UK’s relations with the European Union. Every UK-wide election party which is likely to win seats in the election has now released its election manifesto, namely: the Conservatives;Labour; Liberal Democrats; UKIP; and the Greens. It’s therefore a good time to examine what the parties are saying about the EU, and what the various post-election scenarios would mean for the UK’s relations with the EU. Continue reading >>
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17 April 2015
Irish Supreme Court Overturns Absolute Exclusionary Rule for Unconstitutionally Obtained Evidence
On Wednesday, the Irish Supreme Court ruled by a majority of 4-3 that evidence obtained in criminal cases in breach of constitutional principles need not necessarily be excluded at trial, overturning a 24 year-old precedent on foot of which all such evidence was automatically excluded. The case is notable on a number of levels: it has obvious implications for the conduct of criminal trials, and raises interesting issues around the retrospective application of declarations of unconstitutionality. It also possibly marks the beginning of a more assertive period for the Irish Supreme Court, following two decades of marked restraint. Continue reading >>
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Irish Supreme Court Overturns Absolute Exclusionary Rule for Unconstitutionally Obtained Evidence
On Wednesday, the Irish Supreme Court ruled by a majority of 4-3 that evidence obtained in criminal cases in breach of constitutional principles need not necessarily be excluded at trial, overturning a 24 year-old precedent on foot of which all such evidence was automatically excluded. The case is notable on a number of levels: it has obvious implications for the conduct of criminal trials, and raises interesting issues around the retrospective application of declarations of unconstitutionality. It also possibly marks the beginning of a more assertive period for the Irish Supreme Court, following two decades of marked restraint. Continue reading >>13 April 2015
Les restrictions de la liberté d’expression face au délit d’apologie du terrorisme
Depuis la loi du 14 novembre 2014 et les attentats [...] Continue reading >>
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Die Einschränkungen der Meinungsfreiheit aufgrund des Kampfs gegen den Terrorismus in Frankreich
In den letzten Monaten haben sich die repressiven Maßnahmen wegen [...] Continue reading >>
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30 März 2015
Enteignung der Sparer im Namen der Geldwäsche? Anmerkungen zu dem in Frankreich geplanten Barzahlungsverbot
Die EZB verfolgt bekanntlich derzeit eine gegen eine tatsächliche oder vermeintliche Deflation im Euroraum gerichtete Politik. Die Niedrigzinspolitik stößt indes an Grenzen, solange sich die Bürgerinnen und Bürger der Negativverzinsung durch Flucht ins Bargeld entziehen können. Ein radikales Bargeldverbot wäre selbst in Zeiten „alternativloser Euro-Rettungspolitik“ kaum durchsetzbar. Weitgehend unangreifbar erscheint dagegen der unbestritten legitime Kampf gegen die Geldwäsche und die Finanzierung des Terrorismus. Frankreich plant ab Herbst 2015 Barzahlungen massiv einzuschränken. Diese Pläne werfen mindestens drei grundsätzliche währungsverfassungs- und grundrechtliche Fragen auf. Continue reading >>26 März 2015
Turning point: maintaining the independence of the European Court of Human Rights
2015 is a crucial year for the European Court of Human Rights: a new president will be elected, a major number of judges will be replaced. One can argue that the Court is going through a turning point in its history. The perceived independence of the Court is a key to its legitimacy, while proper, transparent and clear procedure of selection of judges is a basic requirement of such independence. The most crucial stage of the process is clearly the national round of selection of candidates. It should have clear and foreseeable rules, the information about the competition should be broadly available and the selection committee should be independent from the executives. In practice, however, this first stage is the most problematic. Continue reading >>Turning point: maintaining the independence of the European Court of Human Rights
2015 is a crucial year for the European Court of Human Rights: a new president will be elected, a major number of judges will be replaced. One can argue that the Court is going through a turning point in its history. The perceived independence of the Court is a key to its legitimacy, while proper, transparent and clear procedure of selection of judges is a basic requirement of such independence. The most crucial stage of the process is clearly the national round of selection of candidates. It should have clear and foreseeable rules, the information about the competition should be broadly available and the selection committee should be independent from the executives. In practice, however, this first stage is the most problematic. Continue reading >>
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Of Blind Men, Elephants and European Disintegration – What could and what should legal academics do against the “disintegration” of Europe?
In how far is a European law scholar justified, or even obliged to man the barricades, even if only in a metaphorical sense, if and as far as the European Union and European Constitutional Law are in peril? Against the backdrop of clarifying the role of science of European constitutional law in times of European crisis, I would like to deal with the initial question in two separate steps. As a first step, I seek to explore what is behind the process of European “disintegration”. In a second step, I will then look at different levels of challenges that legal science, namely European legal science, is currently facing. It will then become evident that the employment of concepts of disintegration is not considerably more rewarding compared to other approaches. Continue reading >>
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24 März 2015
Der Volksbefragung eine Chance geben
Die Olympia-Bewerbung Berlins ist vom Tisch, und mit ihr die bereits beschlossene Volksbefragung dazu. Nicht vom Tisch ist jedoch ihre verfassungsrechtliche Bewertung. Denn eine solche Befragung kann natürlich auch bei jedem anderen Projekt des Berliner Senats beschlossen werden. Auch in Hamburg ist vor der offiziellen Bewerbung eine Volksbefragung angedacht. In Bayern ist diesen Monat ein Gesetz in Kraft getreten, das Volksbefragungen möglich machen soll – und sogleich vor dem Verfassungsgerichtshof gelandet. Die Verfassungsmäßigkeit solcher unverbindlicher Volksbefragungen ist heiß umstritten. Continue reading >>21 März 2015
The Greek Crisis and the Need for Constitutional Reform in the Eurozone
As the handling of the Greek crisis is making clear, Greek citizens are unable to shape their destiny through the electoral process (since their wishes for a clear shift away from austerity have been thwarted). And if they were, this would imply that German citizens would be unable to shape their destiny through the electoral process (since their wishes for only limited financial support to Greece would be disrespected). The Eurozone is based on separate claims of national democracies that cannot be reconciled. And this is why the need for constitutional reforms of the Eurozone is more urgent than ever. Continue reading >>
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The Greek Crisis and the Need for Constitutional Reform in the Eurozone
As the handling of the Greek crisis is making clear, Greek citizens are unable to shape their destiny through the electoral process (since their wishes for a clear shift away from austerity have been thwarted). And if they were, this would imply that German citizens would be unable to shape their destiny through the electoral process (since their wishes for only limited financial support to Greece would be disrespected). The Eurozone is based on separate claims of national democracies that cannot be reconciled. And this is why the need for constitutional reforms of the Eurozone is more urgent than ever. Continue reading >>20 März 2015